Drinking water refers to water that meets safety standards for human consumption, typically delivered to homes and businesses through municipal water systems. In Canada, drinking water quality is regulated through a combination of federal guidelines (Health Canada's Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality) and provincial/territorial regulations that municipalities must meet. Municipal water treatment involves multiple processes: removing particles through filtration, killing bacteria through chlorination or other disinfection, and sometimes softening or fluoridation. Regular testing monitors for contaminants including bacteria, chemicals, and heavy metals. Water quality reports are typically public. Some rural areas and smaller communities rely on wells or other private water sources that owners must maintain and test themselves. Ensuring safe, reliable drinking water is one of the most fundamental municipal services.