Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water, particularly whether it meets standards for intended uses. Drinking water quality is regulated through provincial standards based on Health Canada guidelines, specifying maximum acceptable concentrations for numerous parameters including bacteria, chemicals, and physical characteristics. Water utilities continuously monitor quality through sampling and testing, with results reported to regulators and often made publicly available. Treatment processes address source water quality issues to produce safe drinking water. Distribution system management maintains quality as water travels to users. Beyond drinking water, water quality matters for recreational waters, aquatic habitat, and industrial uses. Climate change, development, and agricultural practices can affect source water quality, potentially requiring enhanced treatment.