Composting is the process of breaking down organic waste into compost through controlled decomposition. Organic materials like food scraps, yard trimmings, and paper products decompose through the action of bacteria, fungi, and other organisms, producing a useful soil amendment. Many Canadian municipalities operate curbside composting programs where residents place organic waste in green bins for collection and processing at industrial composting facilities. Backyard composting allows residents to process their own organic waste. Composting programs have significantly increased waste diversion rates—organic waste often comprises 30-40% of household waste. Successful composting requires proper material separation and processing conditions.