In Indigenous governance contexts, a council refers to the elected or traditional body that governs a First Nation community. Under the Indian Act system, Band Councils consist of the Chief and councillors elected by band members to make decisions about community affairs, manage band funds, and pass bylaws. Some First Nations have moved away from the Indian Act system toward traditional governance structures or self-government agreements with different council configurations. Councils make decisions about housing, education, economic development, and social programs within their communities. The relationship between councils and federal/provincial governments continues to evolve as Indigenous self-determination advances.