Indian Residential Schools were government-funded, church-run institutions where Indigenous children were forcibly placed with the explicit goal of eliminating Indigenous cultures, languages, and identities—to "kill the Indian in the child." Operating from the 1880s until the last school closed in 1996, over 150,000 children attended these schools. Children were taken from families, often by force, forbidden to speak their languages or practice their cultures, and subjected to inadequate education, nutrition, and care. Many children died from disease, accidents, or neglect—thousands of unmarked graves have been identified. Survivors experienced physical, emotional, and sexual abuse whose intergenerational trauma continues affecting Indigenous communities today. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission documented this history and issued 94 Calls to Action. Reconciliation requires Canadians to understand this history, acknowledge its ongoing impacts, and work toward meaningful change in relationships with Indigenous peoples.