Traditional knowledge (also called Indigenous knowledge or traditional ecological knowledge) encompasses the wisdom, practices, skills, and information accumulated by Indigenous peoples over generations about their environment, ecosystems, medicine, governance, and culture. This knowledge is transmitted orally and through practice, embodying deep understanding of local ecosystems, sustainable resource management, weather patterns, and species behaviour. Traditional knowledge is increasingly recognized as valuable for environmental management, climate adaptation, and resource planning. Ethical engagement with traditional knowledge respects Indigenous intellectual property rights and involves Indigenous communities as partners rather than merely sources of information. Incorporating traditional knowledge in environmental assessments and resource management recognizes Indigenous peoples' long-term relationships with their territories.