Zoning is the system of land use regulation dividing municipalities into geographic zones with different rules for what can be built and how land can be used. Common zones include residential (various densities), commercial, industrial, institutional, and mixed-use. Zoning controls building types, heights, setbacks from property lines, lot coverage, parking requirements, and other development characteristics. Zoning originated in the early 20th century to separate incompatible uses (factories from homes) and has evolved to address diverse planning objectives. Zoning significantly affects housing availability, affordability, and community character. Reform discussions challenge exclusionary zoning practices that limit housing options—minimum lot sizes, single-family-only zones, and restrictive regulations that reduce density and housing diversity. Zoning decisions involve balancing property rights, community interests, housing needs, and planning objectives.