Intensification is the development strategy of increasing density and activity within existing built-up areas rather than expanding outward into undeveloped land. Methods include: infill development on vacant lots, redeveloping underutilized properties at higher densities, converting single-family lots to allow multiple units, adding floors to existing buildings, and transforming commercial areas into mixed-use districts. Intensification benefits include: efficient use of existing infrastructure, reduced sprawl and preservation of farmland and natural areas, support for transit ridership, and creation of walkable neighbourhoods. Challenges include: community opposition to change in established areas ("NIMBYism"), infrastructure that may need upgrading for increased capacity, higher land costs, and ensuring intensification produces quality, livable development. Provincial planning policies increasingly mandate intensification targets, and municipalities implement these through official plan policies, zoning changes, and development incentives. Intensification represents a fundamental shift from traditional suburban expansion patterns.