Heritage designation is a legal mechanism that formally recognizes and protects properties, structures, or areas with historical, architectural, or cultural significance. Designated properties receive protection from demolition or inappropriate alterations, with proposed changes requiring heritage committee or council approval. Designation occurs at multiple levels: federal (National Historic Sites), provincial (various heritage registers), and municipal (heritage property designation under provincial heritage acts). Municipalities maintain heritage registers and can designate individual properties, heritage conservation districts, or cultural heritage landscapes. Designation involves evaluation against criteria assessing historical significance, architectural merit, and contextual value. Property owners may contest designation, and appeals processes exist. Designated properties may be eligible for heritage tax incentives, grants, or other support to offset maintenance costs. The designation process balances heritage preservation with property rights and development interests.