Procurement is the formal process governments use to purchase goods and services, designed to ensure fair competition, value for money, and accountability for public spending. Municipal procurement typically involves defining requirements, issuing requests for proposals (RFPs) or tenders, evaluating submissions, and awarding contracts. Procurement policies set thresholds for when competitive bidding is required and rules for evaluating bids. Public procurement must balance getting the best value with objectives like supporting local businesses, meeting environmental standards, and ensuring transparency. Large purchases require council approval. Procurement scandals have led to strong oversight requirements and penalties for bid-rigging or corruption.