A focus group is a qualitative research method gathering a small group (typically 8-12 people) to discuss specific topics in depth with a trained facilitator. Unlike surveys that collect brief responses from many people, focus groups enable deeper exploration of attitudes, perceptions, and reasoning. Municipalities use focus groups to understand community perspectives on proposed policies, test reactions to service changes, explore needs of specific populations, or gather input on complex issues where quantitative data alone is insufficient. Effective focus groups bring together participants with relevant experience, use skilled facilitators who encourage open discussion without leading responses, and systematically analyze discussions for themes and insights. Focus groups complement rather than replace broader consultation—they provide depth but cannot demonstrate community-wide opinion. Multiple groups help ensure findings aren't skewed by particular group dynamics.