Amalgamation is the process of merging two or more municipalities into a single larger municipality, typically ordered by the provincial government. Provinces have the authority to amalgamate municipalities because local governments exist at the province's discretion under Canadian law. Famous examples include Toronto's 1998 amalgamation, which merged six municipalities into one city. Proponents argue amalgamation reduces duplication and improves efficiency, while opponents worry about loss of local identity, reduced representation, and that promised savings rarely materialize. Amalgamation decisions are often controversial and politically charged.