Treaty rights are rights held by Indigenous peoples as a result of treaties signed between their nations and the Crown (British or Canadian government). These rights, protected under Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, commonly include hunting, fishing, trapping, and gathering rights on traditional territories, as well as various specific commitments made in individual treaties. Treaty rights exist alongside the lands regardless of current property ownership, meaning treaty rights may be exercised on private or Crown land. Courts have clarified that treaty rights must be interpreted generously and in the context they were understood by Indigenous signatories. Governments have a duty to consult Indigenous peoples when actions might affect treaty rights. Treaty rights vary by treaty and continue to be interpreted through legal proceedings.