Social services encompass government programs supporting individuals and families facing challenges including poverty, disability, family breakdown, homelessness, and other circumstances requiring assistance. In Canada, social services are primarily provincial responsibility under the Constitution, though delivery arrangements vary by province. Some provinces deliver social services directly through provincial staff, while others (notably Ontario) delegate delivery to municipalities or regional bodies while maintaining provincial policy control and funding. Municipal involvement ranges from full delivery responsibility to no role depending on province. Common social services include income assistance (welfare), child protection services, disability supports, housing assistance, and employment programs. Social service delivery models significantly affect municipal budgets and operations where municipalities have delivery responsibilities.