A boundary adjustment is a change to the geographic boundaries separating municipalities, requiring provincial government approval since municipalities cannot unilaterally modify their territories. Adjustments may involve one municipality absorbing land from another (annexation), exchanging territory to align boundaries with natural or infrastructure features, or rationalizing historical irregularities. The process typically requires applications to provincial authorities, public consultation, and consideration of impacts on affected residents and tax bases. Boundary adjustments are often contentious because they shift property tax revenue between municipalities and may change service levels for affected properties.