A boundary dispute is a disagreement between neighbouring municipalities about where their shared border should be located. These disputes often arise when growing municipalities want to annex developed or developable land from neighbours, when boundaries create service delivery inefficiencies, or when valuable tax-generating properties sit near borders. Since municipalities cannot resolve these disputes themselves, provincial governments or provincial tribunals must adjudicate. Factors considered include growth needs, service delivery efficiency, community identity, agricultural land preservation, and tax base impacts. Boundary disputes can be lengthy, expensive, and damage intermunicipal relationships.