Judicial review is a legal process where courts examine whether a municipal or government decision was made properly according to law. Unlike an appeal that reconsiders the merits of a decision, judicial review focuses on whether proper procedures were followed, whether the decision-maker had authority, and whether the decision was reasonable. Citizens can seek judicial review of municipal decisions affecting their rights, such as planning approvals, bylaw enforcement, or contract awards. Courts may uphold the decision, send it back for reconsideration, or overturn it entirely. The threat of judicial review encourages municipalities to follow proper procedures and make defensible decisions.