Mediation is a dispute resolution process where a neutral third party helps conflicting parties reach agreement without formal court proceedings. In municipal contexts, mediation may resolve disputes between municipalities over boundaries or shared services, between municipalities and developers over planning matters, or between employers and unions during labour negotiations. Provincial governments may provide or require mediation for certain municipal disputes before allowing litigation. Mediation is typically faster, less expensive, and less adversarial than court proceedings, preserving relationships between parties who must continue working together. Mediators facilitate discussion and suggest solutions but cannot impose decisions like judges or arbitrators can.