Emergency Management Acts are provincial legislation establishing frameworks for emergency preparedness, response, and recovery. Each province has its own act (names vary—Emergency Management Act, Emergency Program Act, etc.) typically requiring municipalities to develop emergency plans, designate emergency management coordinators, conduct exercises, and maintain response capabilities. The legislation establishes provincial-municipal relationships during emergencies, including when provinces can direct municipal actions or declare states of emergency. These acts also address emergency powers governments can exercise during declared emergencies, such as evacuations, resource requisition, or movement restrictions. Post-COVID-19, many provinces have reviewed and updated their emergency legislation. Municipal emergency management programs operate within provincial frameworks, coordinating with regional partners, provincial agencies, and federal resources for larger-scale events.