Flood mitigation encompasses measures to reduce flood risk and damage through prevention, preparation, and adaptation. Structural measures include dams, berms, floodways, stormwater infrastructure, and building elevations or flood-proofing. Non-structural measures include land use planning to restrict development in flood-prone areas, building code requirements, flood warning systems, and emergency preparedness. Effective mitigation requires collaboration: federal flood mapping provides risk information, provinces establish regulations and provide funding, and municipalities implement land use controls and infrastructure. The economics of mitigation are compelling—investing in prevention costs far less than repeated disaster recovery. Climate change is increasing flood risk through more intense precipitation and changing weather patterns, requiring updated mitigation approaches. Municipalities balance mitigation investments against development pressure in flood-prone areas and competing budget priorities.