Policing costs represent a major municipal expenditure, often the single largest budget item in communities with municipal police services. Costs include officer salaries and benefits, civilian staff, equipment, vehicles, technology, facilities, and training. Policing costs have grown significantly due to collective agreements, pension obligations, specialized units, technology investments, and increasing calls for service. Provincial downloading of previously shared costs has increased municipal burden in some jurisdictions. Municipalities balance adequate policing against affordability, debating appropriate service levels, alternative response models, and cost-sharing arrangements. Policing costs remain a persistent concern in municipal budget discussions and intergovernmental advocacy.