Public transit infrastructure includes the physical assets needed to operate transit systems: vehicles (buses, trains, ferries), stations and stops, maintenance facilities, tracks and guideways, fare collection systems, and supporting technology. Transit infrastructure requires massive capital investment, often funded through partnerships between federal, provincial, and municipal governments. Major projects like subway extensions or light rail lines cost billions of dollars and take years to plan and build. Federal programs have provided significant transit infrastructure funding, recognizing that local governments cannot afford major investments alone. Infrastructure investment affects transit service quality and long-term operating costs.