Alternative revenue tools are funding sources that municipalities can use beyond traditional property taxes to pay for services and infrastructure. These may include development charges on new construction, user fees for specific services, parking revenues, hotel taxes, fuel taxes, road tolls, or special levies for particular projects. Canadian municipalities are largely dependent on property taxes because provincial governments limit what other taxes they can collect. Debates about alternative revenue tools often arise when cities argue they need more diverse funding sources to address growing needs like transit expansion or affordable housing.