Resource communities are towns and cities whose economies depend heavily on natural resource extraction—mining, oil and gas, forestry, or fishing. These communities face distinct challenges: boom-and-bust economic cycles as commodity prices fluctuate, dependence on single employers or industries, infrastructure demands from intensive industrial activity, and environmental impacts requiring management. Many are in remote northern locations with additional challenges of isolation and harsh climate. Provinces may provide extra support through stabilization funding, economic diversification programs, and infrastructure investment. When resource industries decline or close, communities face difficult transitions. Resource communities contribute significantly to provincial economies while bearing concentrated impacts.