The charter city movement refers to efforts by large Canadian cities to obtain special legislation granting them greater autonomy and powers than other municipalities. Charter cities like Calgary and Edmonton in Alberta operate under their own city charters—specific provincial legislation providing more flexibility than the general Municipal Government Act. Advocates argue that major cities face unique challenges requiring tailored powers, and that cities driving significant portions of provincial economies deserve more independence. Critics worry about creating a two-tier municipal system. The movement reflects ongoing debates about the appropriate constitutional and legislative status of municipalities within Canada's federal structure.