Transit funding models are the various approaches to financing public transportation capital investments and ongoing operations. Current models typically combine fare revenue, municipal property taxes, provincial operating grants, and federal capital funding. Debates center on funding adequacy, predictability, and sustainability. Municipal advocates argue current models inadequately fund transit expansion and operations, particularly given increasing demands to reduce transportation emissions. Alternative models discussed include dedicated sales taxes, regional transit levies, employer payroll taxes (common in some US cities), land value capture, and congestion pricing. Federal operating funding is frequently requested but historically unavailable. Different funding models have implications for equity, ridership incentives, and municipal fiscal capacity. Finding sustainable transit funding remains a significant policy challenge.